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IT4nextgen > Key Concepts > Computer Components [Explained]

Computer Components [Explained]

Last Updated May 6, 2024 By Subhash D 2 Comments

A computer is an electronic machine that accepts instructions from the user, converts them into digital form, does mathematical calculations, and finally displays the result or output on some screen. Said that the computer consists of various parts and these computer components communicate with each other to perform the calculations based on our instructions.

Classification of Computers

Before the digital version of computers, the first computer invented by Charles Baggage (father of computers) was mechanical in nature. It was designed for defense services to do navigational calculations. Later in the 20th century, the non-programmable analog computer was developed. The latest in the hierarchy are the electronics or digital computers and these modern-day computers are classified as below.

computer history

Block Diagram of Computer

computer components

As you can see in the figure above there are four basic components of the computer and neither of these computer components communicates with the other directly. All these components communicate either in uni-direction or bi-directionally with the heart of a computer called CPU or commonly called processor.

Input Devices. These are the devices that are used to feed the instructions (input by the user) to the CPU (Central Processing Unit) for processing. The most common input devices for the computer are

  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Scanner
  • Barcode scanner
  • Microphone

Output Devices. The devices that present the results of your instructions in some form are called output devices of the computer. Some of the output devices are

  • Printers (Laser/Inkjet/Dot-matrix/3D)
  • Monitors (CRT/LCD/LED/TV)
  • Speakers
  • Plotters
  • Braille readers
  • Projectors

Memory. These are the computer components that are used to store the data or programs either on a temporary or permanent basis. There are primarily two types of memory that are found on a computer.

  • ROM (Read only memory) is a permanent memory
  • RAM (Random Access Memory) is a volatile or temporary memory

Storage Devices. These devices are used to store the data or the work done by you. These storage devices communicate in both directions with the CPU. You can send the data to these devices or the CPU can receive the data as well. Some of the storage devices are.

  • Hard disk drive
  • Floppy Disk Drive
  • DVD/CD/Blue-Ray
  • External USB drive
  • Pen-drives

EXPLORE MORE

  • computer hardware
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  • what is a CPU
    What is a CPU? Definition and Working [with Block Diagram]
  • input and output devices
    Input and Output Devices of Computer
  • creative-business
    Game-Changing Computer Hardware Tools for Businesses

Filed Under: Key Concepts Tagged With: Computer hardware

About Subhash D

A tech-enthusiast, Subhash is a Graduate Engineer and Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer. Founder of it4nextgen, he has spent more than 20 years in the IT industry.

Comments

  1. ravindra says

    April 13, 2017 at 12:46 am

    hello sir i am ravindra from delhi i want to learn about server plz can you provide me this content

    Reply
  2. Chiko Jo says

    December 29, 2017 at 6:40 pm

    Well simplified

    Reply

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